Cholesterol is theoretically known as lipids or fats. It looks like a waxy powder that is similar to candle wax shavings. It is light yellow in color. All animals require cholesterol to survive. Lipids provide chemical energy as fuel for the cells which construct our body. And it is responsible for the protective shell or covering of cells. It is also crucial for digestion and absorption of nutrients from food.

Cholesterol is essential for our sex hormones, testosterone and estrogen, and for vitamin D. Cholesterol is so vital that our body regulates it so closely that if you did not eat adequate dietary cholesterol, your body would produce all it requirements on its own. Your liver has the capability to convert fats, sugars and proteins into cholesterol for its needs.

Various types of Lipoproteins.

Your bloodstream is the medium that delivers cholesterol and other lipids to each cell in the body. Since lipids and blood don't easily mix up well, the body knows to wrap protein around cholesterol particles making it easy to flow through the bloodstream. This is where the term lipoprotein gets its name. Your bloodstream carries lots of dissimilar sizes of lipoproteins which are grouped based on the density or fat composition. Additional fat equals lower density. Less fat and more protein indicates higher density. There are in fact 4 dissimilar fat containing particles in the blood. HDL or high density lipoproteins have the least total of fat (and triglycerides) and the most protein. The largest and least thick is something called chylomicrons that contain the most fat; specially triglycerides. The other 2 are low density lipoproteins or LDL and VLDL or very low density lipoproteins. Most of the fat from our food and the non-cholesterol fat in our bloodstream is triglycerides. Triglycerides are made up of 3 fatty acids and glycerol, an alcohol. Triglycerides are essential for our health and provide a large amount of the energy our tissues need, but excess of a good thing, similar to cholesterol, can be dangerous to your circulatory health.

How LDL is created

Since triglycerides are removed from VLDL and chylomicrons, they become smaller and denser. Finally all that remains is the protein and cholesterol and a minute amount of triglyceride. The liver cleans out the chylomicron and recycles any leftover unlike VLDL which even after it has lost its triglyceride components, carries on to circulate. VLDL continues to change and finally ends up as LDL particles. LDL holds the majority of our cholesterol. Practically all cells in the body can utilize LDL for their energy requirements. However there is normally more LDL in the bloodstream than is required and the liver must clear the extra from the blood. It may utilize it for more bile acids for digestion or as new lipoproteins. If the liver cannot keep up with the surplus LDL, it ends up being deposited in areas it does not belong.

HDL, the Savior

High density lipoproteins are identified as the "good" cholesterol and for valid reasons. HDL is even made in the liver and intestines but it is very dissimilar than LDL. There is a high concentration of protein and not much fat in HDL. The two main roles of HDL are to provide chylomicrons and VLD the protein component that allocates the liver to know they need to have their fat removed. HDLs also act as scavengers and brings together excess cholesterol from blood vessel linings and other areas to be transported to the liver to be disposed of.

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